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indicator
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Corruption – still a worrying trend
The issue of corruption cuts across all dimensions of the Index. Indicators such as Judicial Independence and Property Rights, both in the Rule of Law sub-category for example, partly assess the impact of corruption while measures in other categories such as Transparency of State-owned Companies in Sustainable Economic Opportunity touch upon the… Read more
Measuring Poverty
In Africa, poverty alleviation is one of the main expectations citizens have of their governments. However, data on poverty is severely limited. Only 39 African countries have collected data on ‘income poverty level’ (people who live on $1.90 a day), out of which only nine countries have two or more data points in the past decade,… Read more
The 2015 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: key findings
The overarching message in the 2015 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) is that when looking at the average of all countries, overall governance progress in Africa has stalled since 2011. However, Africa is made up of 54 countries, and there are varied results across the countries. Further, the IIAG is comprised of 93 indicators, which make… Read more
Key democratic freedoms decline during election periods
In several African countries who have held elections between 2012-2021, the period in which the 2022 IIAG covers, there has been a concerning decline in key indicators of the IIAG sub-categories Participation and Rights in the year building up to the vote. During periods when the electorate need their democratic rights and freedoms the most to… Read more, Selected African countries: Democratic Elections indicator scores (2012-2021) , Uganda: election year saw lowest score for Democratic Elections in a decade The last presidential election in Uganda took place in 2021. The elections saw a concerning decline in democratic freedoms from an already low base. Freedom of Association & Assembly (-12.5) was Uganda’s most deteriorated indicator between 2020-2021. Unsurprisingly… Read more
Building the Ibrahim Index of African Governance
September is a busy month at the Mo Ibrahim Foundation. Building up to the launch of the annual Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) on 5 October, the Foundation is busy compiling the findings of the IIAG and preparing communications. It’s the final month in what is essentially a nine month process that usually starts in January each year.… Read more
Women's Equality: 2024 IIAG overview
International Women's Day (IWD) on 8 March is a global day recognising the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women. It is also a key moment to call for and raise awareness of the need for women's equality and gender parity.The 2025 United Nations theme is 'For ALL women and girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment.'… Read more, Africa makes significant strides in legal rights and protection for womenLaws on Violence against Women improved all across the continent. It was the most improved indicator in the sub-category and the second most improved within the entire IIAG, improving by +16.7. This shows countries’ renewed commitment to protecting the rights of girls and… Read more, Effective legislation on violence against women and girls must be accompanied by the necessary implementation measures., A convergence in the Political Power & Representation of Women over the decadeThis indicator followed an ambiguous trend at country level over the past decade, with some of the best performing countries having a decline in scores and an increase in scores for the lowest performing countries. Africa: Political Power & Representation of… Read more, Rwanda, which remains a top scorer at the continental and global level, registered a slight decline (-0.7) since 2014 while Somalia, though the lowest performer in 2023, improved by +7.5 points over the past decade.As of 2024, women constituted just a quarter of all parliamentarians in Africa - 26% in the lower houses, and 21% in the upper houses… Read more, Despite significant progress, Africa is only halfway towards achieving the SDG target 5.5 of 50% of seats held by women in national parliament., Mixed progress on Access to Socioeconomic Opportunities for WomenThe indicator improved for 56.1% of Africa’s population but also declined for almost half, 40.4% showing divided progress across the continent over the last decade. Access to Socioeconomic Opportunities for Women in Africa improved 56.1% of Africa’s population but also declined… Read more, This shows that countries are at varying levels in terms of implementing structures and reforms aimed at eliminating restrictions on women's employment and promoting financial inclusion in the private and public sector.Gambia which experienced the most improvement (+20.2), has promoted the economic empowerment of women through its Women Enterprise… Read more, The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown worsened the pre-existing inequalities in women’s access to essential public services in Africa, The mandated lockdown regulations implemented all across the continent deepened the pre-existing gender inequalities in access to essential public services.In the education sector, school closures left millions of children out of school. This brought additional risks of gender based violence for girls such as early marriage that affected gender… Read more, Public Perception of Female Leadership was the only perception indicator in the IIAG that improved over the past decade. It has gradually improved alongside Political Power & Representation of Women in Africa.
Regional Integration in Africa: 2024 IIAG overview
On 12-18 March 2025, the 57th session of the Economic Commission for Africa: Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development will be held in Addis Ababa. The session will explore the topic of “Advancing the implementation of the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area: proposing transformative… Read more, Over the 2014-2023 period, the Regional Integration indicator improved by +4.4 points. This places it as the 21st most improved indicator out of the 52 other indicators which also improved at the Africa average level.12 countries reported double-digit improvements over the decade. Led by Ethiopia (+33.8), Benin (+24.7) and Ghana (+20.2). All three… Read more, Progress at the indicator level was driven by improvements in the underlying sub-indicators of Regional Travel Integration (+7.6) and Government Development of Regional Integration (+7.1). Concerningly, the sub-indicator, Regional Trade Integration declined by -1.2 points. This highlights the importance of the UNECA session on the AfCFTA… Read more, Except for the EAC, whose small overall deterioration is driven by massive declines in Uganda and Kenya (-17.8 and -16.6, respectively), African RECs have seen improvements in Regional Integration over the last decade, spearheaded by ECOWAS (+11.0, excluding currently suspended or withdrawn countries). In 2023, four RECs performed above the… Read more
Measuring civil society space
In previous iterations of the IIAG, the assessment of civil society has been limited to indicators in the Rights subcategory that measure citizens’ freedoms of expression, association and assembly. For the first time, the 2016 IIAG includes a specific indicator that explicitly measures civil society, featured in the Participation sub-category.… Read more
The 2016 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Key Findings
On Monday 3 October, the Mo Ibrahim Foundation launched the 2016 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG). This was the tenth iteration of the IIAG, launched in the ten-year anniversary of the Foundation and in this context, we focused on analysing a decade’s worth of data on African governance from 2006-2015. Since the launch, the 2016… Read more
Measuring Free and Fair Executive Elections in the 2017 IIAG
As Kenya’s Supreme Court set a new precedent by annulling the presidential vote held last August citing irregularities, a recurrent debate on democratic elections as essential ingredients for governance is accentuated. In the past decade Africa witnessed several elections, with peaks of 15 a year in 2011 and 2016. However, as the regularity of… Read more
